Interesting facts and Information about RBI (Reserve Bank of India)

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central banking authority of India. It manages the different policies regarding Indian currency (Rupee). It also plays a critical role in development policies of Government of India.

RBI - Central Bank of India

• RBI was established on 1^st April, 1935. It was constituted under the Reserve bank of India Act 1934. On the recommendation of Hilton Young Commission in 1926. At that time it was a privately owned institution. After the independence of India, it was nationalized in 1949.
• RBI is controlled by the Central Board of Directors. Indian government appoints the directors for four years tenure. The central board of directors comprises Governor, four deputy governor and sixteen directors.

  

  Structure of RBI

• The first governor of RBI was Sir Osborne Smith (1935-1937). The first Indian governor was CD Deshmukh (1943-1949). Manmohan Singh is the only Prime Minister who also was a Governor of RBI. Current Governor is Urjit Patel.
  

☐Urjit Patel: He was appointed as the RBI governor in 2016. Before appointment as Governor of RBI, He was serving as deputy governor of RBI from 2013. He has M. Phil in economics from Oxford University and a PhD in economics from Yale University in the US. He also held different positions in other organizations in his career – Adviser (Boston Consulting Group), President of Business Development (Reliance Industries), Non-Executive Director (Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation)

• During its initial stage, RBI’s main office was located in Kolkata. It was moved to Mumbai in 1937. It has four zonal offices and about 22 regional offices. It also runs two training colleges-Reserve Bank Staff College at Chennai and College of Agricultural Banking at Pune.
• Its financial year is from 1 July to 30 June. The emblem of RBI is a tiger and a Palm tree.
• RBI acted as the central bank for Burma till April 1947 and for Pakistan till June 1948.

Some Main functions of Reserve Bank of India

It is solely responsible for creating notes of all domination. The coins are minted by Government of India but its circulation is controlled by RBI.

It acts as a central bank for the other commercial banks. It also helps in inter bank fund transfer.

It is the main monetary authority of India.

It regulates the credit and currency system in India.

It maintains public confidence in the banks, protects depositors interest and provides cost-effective banking services to the public.

Quick info about RBI

Established on	1st April 1935
Headquarter at	Mumbai
Current Governor	Urjit Patel
First Governor	Sir Osborne Smith
First Indian Governor	CD Deshmukh

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Interesting facts and information on Census 2011 of India

Census 2011 of India was the 15th census. The commissioner of 2011 Indian census was Shri C.Chandramouli. This census covered almost every town and villages in India.

• According to this survey, total population of India is 1,210,569,573. Among this population 623,121,843 are male (51%) and 587,447,730 are female (48%).
• Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India followed by Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Madhya Pradesh.
• Lakshadweep is the least populous Union Territory.
• 2011 census shows increase in sex ratio. Sex ratio is increased from 933 to 940 in 2011. Kerala with 1084 has the highest sex ratio and Daman & Diu has the lowest sex ratio of 618.
• A person (above age 7) who can read, write and understand any language is a literate person. The literacy rate calculated by taking all the population is called crude literacy rate and literacy rate calculated by taking only the people of age greater than or equal to age 7 is called effective literacy rate. The effective literacy rate in 2011 is increased to 74.04% from 64.83%.
• Population density is increased to 382 people per sq. km from 324 people per sq km. 

 Quick Facts About Census 2011

Total Population	1,210,193,422
Male Population	623,724,248 (51.54%)
Female Population	586,469,174 (48.46%)
Population Density	382 per sq. km
Sex Ratio	940 females per 1000 males
Literacy	77, 84, 54,120 (74.04 %)
Literacy  Female	33, 42, 50,358 (65.46 %)
Literacy  Male	44, 42, 03,762 (82.14 %)

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Interesting facts and information about indian state west bengal

Capital	Kolkata
West Bengal Map
Population	91,347,736 (Rank 4th)
Area	88,752 km2 (Rank 13th)
Languages	Bengali, English
Neighbor Countries	Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh
Neighbor Indian States	Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, Assam.
Districts	19 Districts ( Kolkata, Bankura, Birbhum, Burdwan, Coochbehar, Darjeeling, Hoogly, Howrah, Jalpaiguri, Malda, Midnapore, Murshidabad, Nadia, Purulia, North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur.)
Symbols	State animal: Fishing cat, State Bird: White throated Kingfisher, State tree: Devil tree, State flower: Night flowering Jasmine
Major Cities	Kolkata, Asansol, Siliguri, Durgapur, Howrah, Kharagpur, Haldia, Darjeeling, Burdwan
Major Rivers	Adi Ganga,Haldi,Hooghly, Teesta, Torsa, Damodar, Mayurakshi, Mundeswari, Mahananda, Kalindi, Jamuna, Ichamati, Bakreshwar, Gandheswari, Kalindi, Rupnarayan,
Major Mountain Peaks	Sandakfu (3636 Meter) (Highest of West Bengal), Falut, Tiger Hill, Ghum Hill, Deolo Hill, Durpin Hill
Major Mountains	Singalila Ridge, Dajeeling-Karsiang range, Chola Range, Buxa-Jayanti range
Festivals	Durga Puja, Poila Baishakh (the Bengali New Year), Rathayatra, Dolyatra or Basanta-Utsab, Nobanno, Poush Parbon, Kali Puja, Saraswati Puja, Laxmi Puja.
Major Tourist Places	Dajeeling, Sundarbans National Park, Shantiniketan, Jaldhapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Hazarduari Palace, Adina Mosque, Howrah Bridge, The Great Banyan Tree,  Victoria Memorial, Calcutta Museum, Digha Beach.

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Interesting facts and information about Himalaya mountain range

Himalayan mountain range is one of the youngest mountain range in the world. It is located in the northern border of India and separates Indian subcontinent from other countries of Asia.

Himalaya Mountain Range

• Himalayan mountain range was formed about 70 million years ago in Jurassic Era when Indian tectonic plate collided with Eurasian Plate. These plates are still moving and as a result the height of the mountain is also increasing.
• It is about 2400 km long having shape of an arc. Its width varies between 150-400 km. It has three parallel mountain ranges- Lesser Himalaya or Himchal, Greater Himalaya or Himadri, Outer Himalaya or Siwaliks.

Ranges	Facts
Himadri	It is the northern most range The average height of this range is 6000 Metre and average width is 120 KM. It consists most of the highest peaks such as - Mt. Everest, Nanga Parbat, Kanchenjunga Ganges and Yamuna is originated from this range
Himachal	This range lies between the Himadri and Siwalik range The average height of this range is 4000 Metre and average width is 60-80 KM. Some of the important ranges in this are - Dhaula Dhar, Pir Panjal, Mahabharata Many famous hill stations are located in this range. Such as - Shimla, Mussoorie, Nanital etc
Siwaliks	It is the outermost range The average height of this range is 1000 Metre and average width is 10-50 KM. The valleys which lies between the Himachal and Siwalik are called Duns



• Himalayan mountain range is the father of many highest mountain peaks. About 100 mountain peaks of height greater than 7,200 meter are located here. World’s highest mountain Mount Everest is also a part of this mountain range. Other popular peaks are- Karakoram, Kanchenjunga.
• The word Himalaya means “home of snow”. Because upper portion (above 5,500km) of this mountain range is always covered with snow.
•  This mountain range is the home of many Glaciers and Rivers. The glaciers of this mountain are the source of rivers such as- Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra, and Yamuna.
• Himalaya affects climate of Asia greatly. It is the reason for the heavy rainfall in Terai region. It had a great role behind the creation of Gobi desert.
• This mountain range is part of five countries-Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, India and China.

Major Mountain Peaks of Himalaya

Peaks	Information
Everest	Height: 8,848 Metre, Country: Nepal, Tibet
K2 (Godwin Austen)	Height: 8,611 Metre, Country: China Pakistan border
Kangchenjunga	Height: 8,586 Metre, Country: India
Makalu	Height: 8481 Metre, Country: Nepal
Nangaparbat	Height: 8126 Metre, Country: India
Annapurna	Height: 8078 Metre, Country: Nepal
Nanda Devi	Height: 7817 Metre, Country: India
Dhaulagire	Height: 8172 Metre, Country: Nepal
Namcha Barwa	Height: 7756 Metre, Country: India

Major Mountain Passes of Himalaya

Pass	Info
Banihal Pass	Joins Jammu with Srinagar.
Bara Lacha	Joins Manali and Leh
Nathu La	Situated in India-China border. Connects Sikkim with China
Jelep La	It connects Sikkim with Lhasa, Tibet
Mana Pass	Located in High altitude of Uttarakhand, Connects India with Tibet
Chang La	It is Second Highest Motorable pass of World. Located in Ladakh
Debsa Pass	It is located in Himachal Pradesh. Connects Kullu and Spiti
Lanak Pass	Connects Ladakh with Lhasa

Quick facts about Himalayan Mountain Range

Name:	Himalaya Mountain Range
Length:	2,400 km
Countries:	Afghanistan Bhutan Burma China India Nepal Pakistan
Home of the Peaks:	Mount Everest,Karakoram, Kanchenjunga
Home of the Rivers:	Ganges,Yamuna, Brahmaputra,Indus

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Interesting facts and information about Ganges:the holy river of india

Ganges is the most important river of India. Both in terms of religion and geography. With a length of 2,525km, Ganges is the longest river of India. It is also the third largest river in the world in amounts of water discharge.

• Ganges basin covers four countries - China, India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. It flows through  Indian states - Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
• Ganges is the most sacred river of Hinduism. It is worshiped as goddess Ganga. It is believed that water of Ganges purifies the soul and diminishes sins of a person.   
• Farakka barrage is the largest barrage on Ganga. It was opened on 21 April 1975. It is built near the place where Padma enters Bangladesh and Hooghly continues its flow in West Bengal. Other important barrages built on Ganges are Tehri Dam, Bansagar Dam.

Satelite view of Ganges

• The Ganges delta is the largest delta of world.
• Ganges basin is the most fertile land and it is used for agriculture. 
• It is the home of many fishes and aquatic animals. Ganges dolphin and Magar crocodile can only be found in Ganges. But there numbers are reduced very much and they are declared as endangered species.
• It was ranked 5th in the most polluted rivers category in world. Many plans were made to clean up the river but due to its vast basin most of them failed.

Course of Ganges

⬇Ganges is the confluence of six water streams- Alaknanda, Dhauliganga, Nandakini, Pindar, Mandakini, and Bhagirathi. The source of Bhagirathi is gangotri glacier of Gomukh.

⬇The five water streams joins the alkananda at five points. This five confluence points are called Panch Prayag. These panch prayags are - Vishnuprayag (Dhauliganga joins the Alaknanda), Nandprayag (where the Nandakini joins), Karnaprayag (where the Pindar joins), Rudraprayag ( where the Mandakini joins) and Devprayag (Where Bhagarithi meets). From Devprayag, it become Ganges.

⬇Ganges flows through the narrow himalayan valley till Haridwar. After that it enters the wide gangetic plain. From this point, it changes its direction from south-west to south-east and enters into the Indian state Uttar Pradesh.

⬇In Uttar Pradesh, the river passes through the cities Kannauj, Farukhabad, Kanpur. At Allahabad, ganges meets with the tributary river Yamuna. The meeting point is known as Triveni Sangam.

⬇Further in Uttar Pradesh, it joins with the tributary rivers Tamsa and Gomti. It changes its direction form South-East to East

⬇After completing its course in Uttar Pradesh it enters into Bihar. Ganges largest tributary river Ghaghara meets with it in Bihar. Other tributary rivers Son, Koshi, Gandhak also meets it during its course in Bihar.

⬇In Pakur, Jharkhand, Ganges gets divided into two branches - Bhagirathi-Hooghly and Padma.

⬇Bhagirathi-Hooghly river flows through West Bengal and later known as Hooghly River. It flows in the southern direction. Damodar, the longest tributary of Hooghly, meets with it in West Bengal before it empties it self in Bay of Bengal.

⬇Padma river enters Bangladesh and later empties itself in Bay of Bengal. During its course in Bangladesh, it meets with the two biggest distributaries of Brahmaptra, Jamuna and Meghna.

Ganges Course Map

Quick facts about river Ganges

Name of River:	Ganges
Source:	Gangotri Glacier
Destination:	Bay of Bengal
Tributary Rivers	Left:Ramganga, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandaki, Burhi Gandak, Koshi, Mahananda, Right:Yamuna, Tamsa, Son, Punpun
Length:	2,525 KM
Indian States in Basin of Ganges:	Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, West Bengal, and the Union Territory of Delhi
Cities beside the river	Haridwar, Kanpur, Jajmau, Allahabad, Varanasi, Mirzapur, Ghazipur, Patna, Rishikesh, Munger, Bhagalpur, Kolkata

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Interesting facts and biography of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb

Aurangzeb was one of the famous mughal emperors. He expanded the Mughal Empire to its highest point. He took the title “Alamgir” (which means world seizer).

• He was born on 4 November 1618 in Dahod of Gujarat.

  

  Aurangzeb

• His father was Emperor Shah Jahan and mother was Arjumand Bano Begam (also known as Mumtaz Mahal).
• From the childhood, he was interested in the Islam. He studied Quran with great interest. He was very courageous. One day when an elephant attacked him, He fought with the elephant very bravely and defeated it. This incident earned him a great respect among the family members and the people. His father rewarded him and appreciated him with the title “Bahadur” (brave).
• At first he was made the viceroy of Deccan. But when he came three weeks later after his sister’s death in a fire, Shah Jahan got angry and exiled him from the post of viceroy of Deccan. His relationship with his father got bitterer when he favored Dara Shikoh the elder brother of Aurangzeb as the emperor. Some years later Shah Jahan reappointed Aurangzeb as the Viceroy of Deccan.
• He became the emperor in 1658 after killing his three brothers and imprisoning his father.
• He built a strong army and started expanding his empire. He conquered Punjab, Bijapur and many other states.
• During his reign he banned singing, dancing and playing musical instrument in his empire. He was not open-minded and was not able to tolerate other religions like his father and grandfather. He destroyed many Hindu temples.
• Aurangzeb spends many of his years fighting against the rebellions. During his time Shivaji established the Maratha Empire. The people of Bharatpur stood against him and created Bharatpur state. The Sikhs rebelled against the emperor and fought many battles.
• He died on 20 February 1707. He was the last famous mughal emperor. After his death, Mughal empires declination started.

Quick Facts about Aurangzeb

Name:	Abul Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Mohammad Aurangzeb
D.O.B:	4 November 1618
Family:	Father: Shah Jahan, Mother: Mumtaz Mahal
Famous:	Expanded the mughal emperor to its highest point
Died:	3 March 1707

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Interesting facts and history of Prithviraj Chauhan

Prithviraj Chauhan was the hindu king of Chauhan dynasty in 12th century. He is famous in Indian history for his bravery and courage.

• He was born in 1168 at Ajmer. His father was Someshwar Chauhan, the king of Ajmer and mother was Kamala Devi.

  

  Prithviraj Chauhan

• In his childhood, he killed a tiger with his bare hands. He defeated the king of Gujarat, Bhimdev only at an age of thirteen. For his bravery, his maternal grandfather Angam declared him the king of Delhi.
• He built a strong Rajput empire and his empire was expanded mainly in the northwest of India. His empire included Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
• Chand Bardai, a poet of Prithviraj Chauhan’s court wrote a poem “Prithviraj Raso” describing Prithviraj’s life. Chand Bardai was also a friend of Prithviraj.
• He married to Somyukta. She was the daughter of Jaichandra Gahadwal, an enemy of Prithviraj. Their love story is famous in indian history.
• In 1191, He defeated Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghori in the first battle of Tarrain. He left Muhammad Ghori unharmed and forgave him. In 1192, Ghori again attacked Prithviraj and won the battle of Second Tarrain. Ghori not only arrested Prithviraj but also made him blind with red hot iron rods.
• Later Prithviraj killed Ghori in an archery competition with the help of his friend Chand Bardai and he got killed by Ghori’s bodyguard.

Quick Facts about Prithviraj Chauhan

Name:	Prithviraj Chauhan
Born:	1168 at Ajmer
Family:	Father: Someswar Chauhan Mother: Kamala Devi
Famous As:	Rajput Emperor, Courage and Bravery
Biography:	Prithviraj Raso

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Interesting facts and biography of king Harsha Vardhana

Harsha Vardhana was an ancient emperor who ruled the Indian subcontinent. After the Gupta Dynasty’s downfall, it was Harsha Vardhana who united the northern India and established a strong empire.

Harsha Vardhana's Empire

• Harsha Vardhana was the son of Prabhakara Vardhana, founder of Vardhan Dynasty. Rajya Vardhana was the elder brother of Harsha Vardhana.
• After the death of Prabhakara Vardhana, Rajya Vardhana became the king. But Raj Vardhana was get murdered by king of Gauda, Sasanka. At that moment, Harsha ascended the throne. He was only sixteen at that time. Ascending the throne he declared battle against Sasanka. But only after the death of Sasanka, he was able to won Gauda.
• He was abled to bring entire northern India into his kingdom. He won Kannauj, West Bengal, Bihar, Dhruvasena, Ganjam , Punjab. But he lost to Pulakesi II, the Chalukya King of Vatapi. Thus his kingdom was only extended to the border of Narmada River. Southern India was left untouched by him.
• Harsha Vardhana was also a great author. He wrote three plays in Sanskrit-Nagananda, Ratnavali and Priyadarsika. His court had many great people. His court poet Bana wrote Harsha Charitha.
• He was a Mahayana Buddhist. But he was open minded and gave freedom to his people to follow any religion. He build many stupas in the name of Buddha.
• During his time Nalanda University was the centre of education. He donated to the university. Many seals of him were found in the university.
• Chinese pilgrim Hieun Tsang visited at that time and wrote many things about the king in his book  Si-Yu-Ki which means My Experiences.
• He died in 647 A.D. After his death his empire again broke down into smaller regions.

Quick Facts About Harsha Vardhana

Name:	Harsha Vardhana
Family:	Father:Prabhakara Vardhana Brother: Rajya Vardhana
Famous for:	Emperor, Poet
Wrote:	Plays:Nagananda, Ratnavali and Priyadarsika
Died:	647 A.D.

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Interesting facts and information about Gupta empire:the golden age of indian history

Gupta Empire was one of the greatest empires which had ruled India. During this time, India made a huge progress in science, arts and literature. Thus, this period is sometime referred as “Golden Age of India”.

• Maharaja Sri Gupta was the founder of the Gupta empire and Shashakgupta was the last emperor of this empire.
• Gupta Empire was existed about 230 years from 320 CE to 550 CE.
• During this period, the social economic position of shudras improved very much. But the position of women in society reduced drastically. It should be noted that the first Sati was occurred during this time only.
• Gold coins and silver coins were used as currency. Gold coins were called Dinars and Silver coins were referred as Rupyakas. Gold coins were made in huge number during this era.
• Sanskrit language reached its glory during this time. It was the court language.
• The Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hien visited during the reign of Chandragupta II. His writings are one of the source of Gupta history.
• This period was truly remarkable for temple architecture and sculpture development. Several artistically rich temples were built. Such as – Dashavatara Temple of Deogarh, Vishnu Temple of Tigawa, Parvati Temple of Nachria Kuthara, Dhammekh Temple of Sarnath. Gandhara and Mathura were the two main centers of Sculptures.
• Buddhist arts also flourished. One of the great example of Buddhist art of this dynasty was the Ajanta Paintings.
• This age was truly a golden age for Sanskrit literature. Many Hindu epics were composed during this period. The two Hindu epic Ramayana and Mahabharata reached their peak in this time. Puranas and Smritis were developed in this era. Poem and prose both were developed in this era.
• Some of the most talented scholars were born in this period. Such as – Kalidasa, Vatsyana, Harisena, Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Vishnu Sharma, Bharavi.
• Gupta empire achieved a lot in Astronomy, Mathematics, and Ayurveda. The invention of number zero and algebra was carried out in this period only.
• Nalanda University was built during this time. This university was the center for the education at that time. It was one of the oldest educational institute of the world.
• The reason behind the fall of Gupta empire was the invasion of Hunas and weak leadership of later emperors. Due to which feudatories rose in Gupta empire and gradually Gupta empire collapsed.

• 

  Gupta Empire

Some famous emperors of Gupta Dynasty

Emperor	Reign Period	Facts
Chandragupta	319-335 A.D	He was the son of Ghatotkacha and grandson of Srigupta He fought many battles and expanded the gupta empire. He married to Kumaradevi which made the gupta empire a powerful empire. He took the title 'Maharajadiraja' , which means king of kings
Samudragupta	335 - 375 A.D	He was the son of Chandragupta. He expanded the empire rapidly. He also organised Ashwamedha yajna. He is called "Indian Napoleon". During this time many great discoveries were made in different fields. He was also called Kaviraj. He wrote many poems. He was believer of Hinduism but also respected other religions.
Chandragupta II	375 - 414 A.D	He was the son of Samudragupta. He is also known as Vikramaditya. He conquered the peninsula of Saurashtra via the Arabian Sea. His court had Navaratna (Nine Jewels). Kalidas was one of the jewel among this Navaratna. Some of the great hindu art were created during his reign.
Kumaragupta	415 - 455 AD	He was the son of Chandragupta II. He assumed the title, Mahendraditya. Nalanda was established during his reign.
Skandagupta	455 - 467 A.D	He was the son of Kumaragupta. He took the title of Vikramaditya and Kramaditya. He defeated the Pushyamitra who became powerful during the period of Kumaragupta. He also defeated the White Hunas. This war effected the wealth of the gupta empire.

Great scholars of Gupta Empire and their work

Scholars	Facts
Kalidasa	Was a great Sanskrit poet and dramatist Some of his notable works are Abhijnanasakuntalam, Meghaduta, Kumarasambhava, Mrichchakatica His writings are primarily based on puranas
Aryabhatta	Was a mathematician and astronomer He was the inventor of number zero and algebra He also introduced the idea of solar eclipse and rotation of earth on it axis Some of his notable works are Aryabhatiya and Aryasiddhanta
Dhanvantri	Was a great physician He was also referred as Father of Ayurveda
Brahmagupta	Was a great Mathematician and Astronomer He wrote the Brahmasphutasiddhanta He was the first to use zero as a number and defined rules to compute with zero
Vatsyayana	He was a famous philosopher His notable work is Kamasutra
Vishnu Sharma	Was a author His notable work is Panchatantra and Hitopadesha Panchatantra is one of the most translated book in history
Harisena	Was a great Sanskrit poet He was the court poet of Samudragupta His famous poet about the Samdragupta is written on the Allahabad Pillar
Bhasa	Was a famous dramatist
Bharavi	Was a famous poet His notable work is Kiratarjuniya. It is based on the combat of Arjuna and Shiva
Varamihira	Was a famous astronomer, astrologer and mathematician His notable works are Panchasiddhantika, Brihatsamhita, and Brihatjataka

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Chhatrapati Maharaj Shivaji:facts,history,biography

Shivaji also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji was an Indian emperor and founder of Maratha Empire. Shivaji Maharaj was a brave and kind emperor.

• He was born around 7 April, 1627 in a fort of Pune (there is a confusion about the exact date).

  

  Shivaji Maharaj

• His parents were Shahaji Bhosale and Jijabai. His father was a Mercenary of Bijapur sultan. His Guru Dadoji Kondeo was a friend of Shahaji. His mother and his guru transferred the idea of Hindavi Swarajya (an empire which will be ruled by Hindu king and not by Muslim king) to him.
• From childhood he was a brave boy and showed the qualities of a ruler. He had great interest in religious teachings. He studied Ramayana and Mahabharata with great interest.
• His first attack was on the Torna fort. He captured the fort only at an age of 16. After capturing Torna fort, he captured Kondana and Rajgad forts. At the rise of Shivaji’s power Bijapur sultan arrested his father. Shivaji captured the forts of Purander and Javeli after rescuing his father from the Bijapur sultan’s prison.
• Mughal samrat Aurangzeb sent Jai Singh and Dilip Khan to stop Shivaji. Shivaji was forced to sign the treaty of Purander. According to this treaty, he gave about 24 forts to mughal king. He was invited to Agra by Aurangjeb. Shivaji was arrested and imprisoned in Agra. But he escaped from Agra and returned to his kingdom. Returning from imprison, he recaptured the forts which he lost in the treaty of Purander. During this time he took the title ‘Chhatrapati’.
• He was the head person in his administration. But there were other persons and cabinets (Ashtapradhan mandal composed of eight ministers) to help him. Many taxes were collected at that time but he never collected taxes forcefully. People had the freedom to choose any religion. He took care of his people like a father.
• He built a strong army. He introduced the guerrilla warfare tactics. He also built a strong Navy. He is called the “Father of Indian Navy”.
• Shivaji died in 1680 after suffering fever for 3 weeks.

Quick facts about Shivaji

Name:	Shivaji Bhosle
Born:	1627
Family:	Father: Shahaji Bhosale Mother: Jijabai
A.K.A	Chhatrapati Shivaji, Father of Indian Navy
Famous as:	Founder of Maratha empire
Died:	1680

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